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乙肝表面抗原陰性什麼是乙肝表面抗原陰性(2)

Hot 3Viewed 203 times28-4-2023 07:08 PM

  誘發原因

  誘發乙肝的原因之一在於急性肝炎,急性肝炎會誘發乙肝主要是因為當人體感染乙肝病毒後,體內的T細胞會攻擊肝臟細胞,並使其釋放入血的乙肝病毒,並與特異性抗體所結合,使得乾擾素生成增多。

慢性活動性肝炎也會誘發乙肝的生成,主要是由於患者的免疫功能缺陷和免疫調節紊亂,使得機體在感染乙肝病毒後復制活躍,易造成感染慢性化。另外,因為HBV的侵入使得肝細胞膜特異脂蛋白形成其自身抗原,抑制T細胞活性,導致肝細胞進行性損害。

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  慢性遷延性肝炎也是誘導乙肝發生的原因之一,主要在於無症狀的乙肝病毒攜帶者和慢性遷延型肝炎患者在其機體免疫功能低下的情況下再次感染乙肝病毒,使得機體不能產生有效的免疫反應而出現肝細胞損害,且由於自身缺乏感染素而使乙肝病毒攜帶者不能清除病毒而呈現長期攜帶狀態。

  誘發乙肝的病因之四在於重型肝炎的發生,當患者患有重型肝炎時就會使得機體的免疫反映過強,T細胞抗毒反應迅速破壞,再加上HBV複製活性增強使得肝細胞損害嚴重。

  抗原的亞型

  乙肝病毒的表現型是其血清亞型(subtype),由外膜主蛋白上的一些殘基決定。主蛋白攜帶兩對相互排斥的亞型決定簇d/y 和w/r ,由此組成乙肝表面抗原的4個主要亞型:adw、adr、ayw、ayr。

adr亞型主要分佈在東亞地區,與這一地區流行的C基因型一致。我國另一流行亞型adw在世界各地有廣泛分佈,故包含眾多基因型(A、C和D)。我國少見的ayw和aydw均為D型。

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  正常值

  肝病專家介紹,在不同的醫院,乙肝表面抗原正常值範圍會有很大不同。乙肝表面抗原正常值的範圍採用不同的表示方法,其值也有所不同。乙肝表面抗原正常值主要有以下幾種表示方法。

  1、ng/ml表示法

  如果乙肝表面抗原正常值(ng/ml)大於0.18ng/ml,那麼就表示該患者體內有乙肝病毒,乙肝表面抗原而被視為陽性結果,反之被認為是陰性。

  2、S/CO值表示法

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  如果乙肝表面抗原正常值(S/CO)大於1S/CO,那麼就表示該患者體內有乙肝病毒,乙肝表面抗原而被視為陽性結果,反之被認為是陰性。

  3、S/N值表示法

  AXSYM免疫分析儀得到S/N的值,如果乙肝表面抗原正常值(S/N)大於2.1S/N,那麼就表示該患者體內有乙肝病毒,乙肝表面抗原而被視為陽性結果,反之被認為是陰性。

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